Calls to Change University of North Dakota’s “Fighting Sioux” Nickname

On November 23, 1992, the Grand Forks Herald reported significant calls for the University of North Dakota (UND) to reconsider its controversial “Fighting Sioux” nickname. The push comes from various Dakota and Lakota community leaders who argue that the moniker perpetuates racism and harms Indigenous identity.

The sentiment among many Native American leaders is clear: the use of the Fighting Sioux name should be reassessed, with greater involvement from Indigenous voices in the discussion. Tim Giago, publisher of Indian Country Today, emphasized the damaging implications of the nickname, calling it an insult to all Native Americans. He argued that changing such names could provide a sense of self-worth to Indigenous children, similar to how Rosa Parks’ actions in 1955 empowered African Americans.

Public awareness has become a focal point in this ongoing debate. David Gipp, president of United Tribes Technical College in Bismarck, criticized UND President Kendall Baker for not doing enough to combat racism. He referenced a troubling incident during UND’s homecoming parade, where racial slurs and the tomahawk chop were directed at Native participants. Gipp, an alumnus of UND, noted that while the number of Indigenous students has increased from around 40 in 1969 to over 300 today, awareness of their issues remains insufficient.

Gipp expressed uncertainty about whether changing the nickname alone would address the deeper roots of racism. He is keen to engage in discussions with current students to understand their perspectives fully.

Support for a name change is echoed by other Indigenous leaders. Charlie Murphy, chairman of the Standing Rock Sioux, highlighted a resolution passed by the Indian Health Board advocating for Mandan High School to discontinue its use of the “Braves” nickname. He believes the time has come for UND students to take a stand and advocate for change. “The name bothers a whole lot of Indian people,” Murphy stated.

In contrast, Randy Cavanaugh, vocational education director at Little Hoop Community College, offered a nuanced perspective. While he acknowledged that the Fighting Sioux name could reflect the ongoing struggles of Indigenous people, he also recounted instances of racism associated with it, such as derogatory slogans directed at Sioux people during his time at North Dakota State University. Cavanaugh ultimately supports changing the nickname.

The debate extends to political leaders as well. Ben Nighthorse Campbell, the only Native American U.S. senator at that time, voiced his opposition to the use of any Indian nicknames or slurs, including “Chiefs” and “Redskins.” He argued that such terms and caricatures are harmful, although he acknowledged that names like the Florida State Seminoles are acceptable if the tribe consents. Campbell asserted that the decision regarding the Fighting Sioux nickname should be made by the Sioux Nation itself.

Opinions vary within the community regarding the nickname’s significance. Peter Belgarde, chairman of the Devils Lake Sioux, expressed mixed feelings. He noted that while the term “Sioux” is not an official tribal designation, it represents how the outside world identifies his people. He believes that the Dakota and Lakota nations should play a central role in any discussions about the nickname’s future.

This conversation surrounding the Fighting Sioux nickname underscores a larger dialogue about representation and respect for Indigenous identities. As the University of North Dakota navigates this issue, the voices of those directly impacted will be vital in shaping a more inclusive future.